Overview of Student Loans

When you're trying to pay for college, it's nice to turn to a wealthy uncle for a little financial assistance. No one is happier to help you pay for your higher education than Uncle Sam and the federal government.

You can tell a lot about a society by how much it values education. With its vast network of public and private universities, America is a world-leader in education.

Our emphasis on higher learning could be attributed to the correlation between education and economic growth. If the U.S. is going to keep its economy running at full speed, it needs an intelligent workforce. Higher education doesn't come cheap, however, so the federal government has created a number of student loan programs.

Perkins loans

Available to undergraduate and graduate students alike, Perkins loans offer the lowest interest rate-currently fixed at 5 percent-and can take up to 10 years to repay. Your school acts as the lender, and the loans are given on a first-come, first-served basis.

It's a particularly attractive loan for people in the military, law enforcement, certain teaching positions, and non-profit jobs. If you pursue a career in these public service fields, the government may discharge your loan.

Stafford loans

Stafford Loans are provided to undergraduates and graduate students who are enrolled in school at least half-time. Unlike Perkins loans, the government will partially subsidize the money based on a student's level of financial need. Uncle Sam will pay the interest during school years, but the student must begin repaying the loan six months after graduation. In the unsubsidized loan, a student loses his six-month grace period.

Loans are made available directly from the government to colleges or financial institutions. Current rates for Stafford loans are capped at 6.8 percent. Terms of repayment range from 10 to 25 years on both the subsidized and unsubsidized loans.

PLUS loans

Like the Stafford Loans, PLUS loans are granted to undergraduates and graduates who are enrolled at least half-time. With PLUS Loans, the interest rates are variable, but they do have a cap. Loans distributed directly by the government are capped at 7.9 percent, and those distributed through a school or a lender are capped at 8.5 percent. There's also a fee associated with the PLUS loans. Repayment terms are 10 years, and you must begin within 60 days after the final loan is disbursed.

To obtain any of these loans, a student first needs to apply for the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA.

Even though the government values education, it can't give a free ride to everyone. The loan programs are based on a student's financial need, which may be the cause for the wide number of programs. If you're confused, consult with a financial aid counselor or a loan officer from a lending institution, and you'll find out where you fall in the student loan spectrum.